Equity - Greenhouse Gas Emissions - and Global Common Resources

Question: Relationship between the Pollution of the Global Commons and Sustainability. Most Significant ethical issues related to the Pollution of the global commons. Significance of pollution of the Global Commons in the business. Answer: Introduction The global climate policy is one of the major concerns of transforming the governance of the atmosphere from an open view into the regime of global commons. Global commons is composed of the resource areas which exist outside the reach of the nation state. Pollution of the global commons therefore raises a series of many challenges. Pollution of global commons as the consequence of the business and industrial activity and the discharge of household activity is the growing widespread concern in the environment. These concerns however arise due to the several reasons (Edenhofer et al. 2013). Environmental ethics is comprised of two dimensions i.e. human to nature ethics and human to human ethics. While the sustainability of the environment is the integral part of the environment protection and economic growth in the country, it is required to address this legal issue of the pollution of the global commons. Many organizations are working on this global issue as they are facing a rapid d egradation in the environment because of the human pressures and the other effects of the global warming (Pretorius 2016). Discussion The report analyzes and discusses about the relevant ethical issues and sustainability of the pollution of the global commons. Relationship between the Pollution of the Global Commons and Sustainability The economic growth of a country is the essential component in the achievement of the sustainable development. The World Conservation Strategy has argued about the incompatibility of development and conservation. It stresses the fact that the growth of a country is not only possible through the protection of the environment from the pollution of global commons. The global responses play a major key role in promoting the integration, system consideration and coordination. This can help in setting the goals and developing the metrics, supporting the capacity enhancement, generating the financial resources and facilitating the best practices. At the international level, the advancement of the human being and sustainability of the environment could be fostered in the strategies and the responses associated with it. These national and regional responses were addressing the challenges related to the environment and the approaches to the polycentric governance. It recognizes the multiple se ttings and assumes the diverse activity centre for the given range of the capacity needs, generating the adequate responses to the environmental challenges (Ivanova et al. 2012). Most of the Scientists are contributing in the quest for the sustainable development of the planet, but these contributions are diminishing due to the necessity of the continuous defending of the human nature. The evolution and the global warming are widely acceptable by the scientists. It cannot be flourished to the political expediency because it appears to threaten the religious beliefs and issues. The evolution of the biological needs produced in the world refers to the combination of the resource saving and environmental- friendly society. Technology can contribute in finding the solution for the problem arising due to the pollution of the global commons. Many methods and procedures are based on the system illustrating and monitoring the unresolved issues of the ecosystem (Stern 2011). Until the unbalanced form of ecology is not eliminated completely, the human beings should reduce their demands on the global commons till the adequate capital of the ecology is accumulated. Howev er, the assurance and the control of the data quality will be a major concern as it will have to cope with the given resources and time. The stabilization of the population is also considered to be essential as it determines the carrying capacity of the planet and the overshoot of the ecology proclaiming that the human beings had been over utilizing the resources. To the great extent, the sustainable use of the planet and the enlightened management of the global commons and the future of the technology all are at stake (Cairns 2006) Most Significant ethical issues related to the Pollution of the global commons The emerging issue in the present era is the pollution of the global commons. It may be due to the past and present activities of the humans possessing a common threat to the welfare of the society. The change in the climate is expressed by the global warming. These long term changes lead to the precipitation, ocean salinity, extreme weather events, high tide levels, droughts and heat waves (Baer 2016). The global climate change brings the conflict mobilized by the scarce resources and hence, there is a need for an ethical approach to have the immediate and future implications on the people who are the immediate victims of the pollution of the global commons. The ethical issues focus on the causes and the effects of the climatic changes. It is very important to consider the ethical issues seriously because it is recognized in lowering the strengthening position of the community on the grounds of the ethics. However, the scope and the nature of the concerns related to the ethical issu es are acknowledged internationally which have evolved, including the issues related to the human interactions. This generates the responsibility to mitigate and adapt the negative effects of the environment (Dadush Shaw 2011). The growing consensus of the change in the global climate is affecting the well -being of the whole economy and it unclearly defines the ethical issues of the global climate change. The pollution of the global commons results in various uncertainties making it difficult to develop some aspects of the nature. These ethical dilemmas differ from one region to another. The future generation considers the uncertainty of the ethical issues that emerges from the pollution of the global commons. The ethical values implemented into the practice and behavior of the sustainability of the global commons constitutes an important part of the nature in the environment. These ethical issues are clearly challenged by the pollution and determine the multiple choices to be considered in developing the fundamentals for establishing the opportunity in the development of sustainability of the global commons (UNESCO 2010). Significance of pollution of the Global Commons in the business For instance, the global commons encompasses with the cultural heritage of the economy. From the last few decades, the emerging market is dominated by the global economy and rebalancing its power to accompany the significant challenges faced by the pollution of the global commons. It is difficult to manage the global commons due to the changes in the climate including the natural and essential resources. However, the difference the technological capacity of the business complicates the business deals in maintaining the global commons. The advanced core of the industrial countries is developing channels of the international integration with the emerging market for the global commons. The ethical dilemmas arise during the process of maintaining the issues of the pollution of the global commons (Friends of the Earth 2016). Moreover, these issues are emerging in allocating the resources between the industrial and developing countries. The developing countries are contributing a small sha re in the emission in the relative atmosphere and the cost of achieving the target is much higher than the developed and industrial countries. The sustainable development of the global commons leads to the development of the business in an economy. The positive impact of the global commons on the developing countries' businesses improves the coordination of the agreement with the industrial countries. Increasingly, the solutions of these challenges will be critically hammered in the international market. (Dadush Shaw 2011). The increasing competition in the global market leads the organization to change its business policies and endowed with the large resources experiencing the high profit margin. This competition makes the organization to use resources in an unethical manner. Therefore, the consistent growth in the technology leads to the growth in the productivity of the resources but it also increases pollution in the environment. The pollution of the global commons results in the complex pattern of the industry in the long run (Rametsteiner et al. 2006). Even though the industrial countries played a major role in causing the problems of the global environment, they should pay attention towards providing the solutions to these problems as they are damaging the global commons. Several governments have taken the measures to promote the economic efficiency of both at the national and international level to reduce the environmental degradation. These policies have significantly reduced the rates of deforestation and it preserves the valuable biodiversity. Through the elimination of the energy subsidies, the carbon emissions get reduced dramatically. The exploitation of the natural resources leads to negative impact on the national and global environment (Openknowledge 2016). Response for Ethical and Sustainable Issues The economic globalization has increased the economic integration and the interdependence across the globe. The people are not originally and physically envisioned to the common access of the nature. In the ecological sense, the global commons will not be managed efficiently if humankind ignores their responsibility. The ethical concern provides the tool for the effective sustainability of the global commons. The issues are widely underappreciated due to the irrelevancy of the sustainability issues arising because of the pollution of the global commons. However, efficiency in the environmental development increases the production and consumption capacity of the organization. This creates the pressure for the industry to produce the more goods with the scarce resources available. The enhanced opportunities are required to balance the ecological health, social welfare and the social equity (Kibert et al. 2016). The industrial development pattern is increasingly replicated internationally and seeks the alternate paths to stabilize their business in the global market. The pollution of the global common is affecting the life of the community, suffering from the changes in the climatic conditions (Oikoumene 2000). However, these phenomena have the irrevocable social and economic consequences on millions of people around the world. The ethical issues have a negative impact on the ecosystem, degrading with the increase in the worldwide sustainability. The government has promulgated many laws and regulations to protect the environment and the natural resources from the pollution. The industries should serve the social objectives and recognize the limits and imperatives related to the environment (Snape Gunasekera 1997). The most appropriate measures need to be implemented in order to overcome with the problems of the inherited issue of pollution of the global commons. There are many challenges with this issue, pursuing the benefits for the environment, society and economy both at the micro and macro level. With variety of solutions available, the development of the sustainability of the global commons can be easily understandable (Bouteflika et al. 2011). Utilitarianism is the most common ethical approach in the decision making with the consequences that are concerned with the large group of people. It determines the right or wrong action by which the principles of morality and laws have to be critically evaluated. This approach results in the good or bad action and tends to maximize the utility. According to the concept of utilitarianism ethics, the action is not right or wrong rather it depends on their effects. It believes that the purpose of the morality should make a better life by growing the amount of the good things. This theory has a major impact on the political, social and economic policy. It focuses on the happiness of the majority of people. For example: The aspect of the utilitarianism theory justifies the analysis of cost benefit of the problems related to the global commons like climate change is one of the reasons in which many people reject it on the ethical grounds. There are multiple activities with the range of generating the adequate responses to the challenges related to the environment but it may satisfy the needs of the people (Wordpress 2014). Conclusion This report is set off with the ambition to identify the ethics and sustainability issues of the pollution of global commons. Global commons include various things like space, climate, biodiversity, high sea marine fisheries, eco-systems etc. The change in the global climate itself is the ethical challenge related to this issue. There is a wide range of ethical challenges related to the pollution of the global commons which require a specific response in its sustainability. The global commons are over- exploited, misused and polluted which leads to pollution in the environment. Because of this pollution, there has been a drastic change in the environment and climate resulting in the rise of global warming, acid rain and depletion of ozone layer. This may be due to the presence of externalities in the global commons. All the changes lead to an adverse impact on the human life and the quality of surroundings and ecosystems. Therefore, awareness is rising for the need of the adoption of active global polices and strategies for developing more sustainable economic structures. Many issues have arisen related to the environment and there is a need to address them efficiently. Recently, the Ad hoc Open ended Informal Working Group has been established by the United Nations General Assembly for studying the issues related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity. The environmental ethics is an important dimension for developing the sustainability and achieving the benefits in the economy. References Baer, P., 2016. Equity, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Global Common Resources. Climate change policy: A survey, pp.393-408. Baum, M.S., 2009. Tools to Advance AMT Safety, Citizenship and Professionalism. Bouteflika, A. et al., 2011. Global Commons the planet we share. UNEP. Cairns, J., 2006. Sustainability and the Global Commons. Asian J. Exp. Science, 20(2), pp.217-24. Dadush, U. Shaw, W., 2011. Emerging Powers and the Global Commons. [Online] Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2011/07/14/emerging-powers-and-global-commons [Accessed 25 May 2016]. Dadush, U. Shaw, W., 2011. Emerging Powers and the Global Commons. [Online] Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2011/07/14/emerging-powers-and-global-commons [Accessed 2016]. Edenhofer, P.D.O., Flachsland, D.C., Jakob, D.M. Lessmann, D.K., 2013. The Atmosphere as a Global Commons Challenges for International Cooperation and Governance. pp.1-44. [Accessed May 2016]. Friends of the Earth, 2016. Protecting the global commons. foe. Ivanova, M. et al., 2012. Global Environmental Outlook 5, United Nations Environment Programme: Chapter 17, Global Responses. Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global, pp.457-86. Kibert, C.J., Thiele, L., Peterson, A. Monroe, M., 2016. The Ethics of Sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.1559rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed 29 May 2016]. Oikoumene, 2000. The atmosphere as global commons responsible caring and equitable sharing. [Online] Available at: https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/the-atmosphere-as-global-commons-responsible-caring-and-equitable-sharing [Accessed 25 May 2016]. Openknowledge, 2016. Protecting the Global Commons. openknowledge. Pretorius, J., 2016. The Ethical Cosiderations of Global Climate Change and Water Resources. Future Challenges of Providing High Quality Water, 2, [Accessed May 2016]. Rametsteiner, E. et al., 2006. Study of the Effects of Globalization on the Economic Viability of EU Forestry. pp.1-198. Saylor.org, 2016. Ethics and Business Success. The Saylor Foundation. Snape, R. Gunasekera, D., 1997. Problems of the global commons. In Countdown to Kyoto: The consequences of the mandatory global carbon dioxide emissions reductions. Canberra, 1997. Australian APEC Study Centre. Stern, P.C., 2011. Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies. International Journal of the Commons, 5(2), pp.213-32. Strength, Weakness of utilitarinism , 2016. Strength, Weakness of utilitarinism. UNESCO, 2010. The Ethical Implications of Global Climate Change. France: United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization. West, H.R., 2004. An Introduction to Mills Utilitarian Ethics. Cambridge: The Press Syndicate Of The University Of Cambridge. Wordpress, 2014. Utilitarianism. [Online] Available at: https://globalcollaborative.wordpress.com/2014/09/25/utilitarianism/ [Accessed 31 May 2016].

The Symbolic Communication Essay Example

The Symbolic Communication Essay Language includes non-verbal as well as verbal symbolic communications. There is Sign language and Body Language. All communication with others is symbolic and involves the use of language, sound, bodily gesture and expression. Symbolic communications are demonstrated by the cars we drive, the houses we live in, and the clothes we wear (e. g. uniforms – police, military). The most important aspects of symbolic communication are the words we use. Sociality is both necessary and sufficient for symbolic communications to get off the ground. Terrence W. Deacon combines human evolutionary biology and neuroscience together in researches and hopes to shed light to evolution of human cognition. Deacon believes the complex symbolic communications ability possessed by human, is the driving force for language evolution. According to Deacon, human more or less â€Å"discover† language during the exploration of the complex relationship between symbols and what they refer to in the real world. The oldest surviving symbolic communications of humans are graffiti that were scratched or painted on protected rock surfaces. Some regard this material as art, which is clearly a matter of taste. As time went on, more elaborate iconography developed and was used both to communicate ideas and to provide decorations on pottery and other manufactured items and eventually on large scale stone carvings, but zenith of iconography was not reached until after the invention of the spray paint can. The earliest traces of Homo sapiens are marked with cave paintings, reminding us of the depth of the human investment in visual expression and the range and power of symbolic communications. Symbolic communications are the things that we have given meaning to and that represent a certain idea we have in place, for example, the American flag is a symbols that represent freedom for the Americans themselves, or imperialism and evil for some other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Huggins asserts that: Iconic communication deals mainly with non-verbal communication between human beings by the use of visual signs and representations (such as pictures) that stand for an idea by virtue of resemblance or analogy to it in contrast to symbolic communications where the meaning of a symbol is entirely nominal (such as English text describing a picture). Huggins W. H. Entwisle D. R. (1974) Iconic Communication: an annotated biography The John Hopkins University Press.

Primo Levi essays

Primo Levi essays Primo Levi's memoir of his 10 months in Auschwitz is a masterpiece of Holocaust literaturenot simply a recounting of personal tragedies and historical atrocities, but a remarkably clear-eyed and rigorous meditation on the fragile nature of human personality and identity in the face of systematic oppression. A 25-year-old chemist when he was arrested in his native Turin by the Italian fascists and deported to Poland's most notorious rail terminus, Levi used his observational skills and considerable literary gifts to paint a detailed portrait of the death camp. Yet, throughout this 1961 book, he scrupulously reminds the reader that no amount of writerly eloquence will ever do justice to the experience of those who suffered there. (This review was written under the original title of the book: If This is a Man followed by The Truce) Reading this book filled me with sorrow and horror. I was prepared for the horror but did not expect the crawling sadness of this impassive tale of improbable survival, of days and months of fear, hunger and torment that I devoured in astonishment but digested with a lot more difficulty. That there were millions of human beings that went through such systematic torture and annihilation and that this whole torment was inflicted by man. That others (all of us) should quickly declare it an aberration and fail to relate to it. Primo Levi talks of a nightmare common among concentration camp prisoners: they are telling their story to people from home, people outside the camps and no one is listening. Reading Levis tale of survival and lengthy repatriation, we come to understand the need for telling this extraordinaty experience. It is said that those survivors who chose not to talk were those who could not reconcile the shame and misery of the camp experience with their condition as huma n beings. They tried in vain to suppress a memory they could not assimilate. Others, like Levi, maitained the belief in his h...

The Ideal Government through the View of Political Essays

The Ideal Government through the View of Political Essays The Ideal Government through the View of Political Philosophers Taylor McCauslin Jonathon Kreger November 25, 2015 Columbus State Community College Abstract The objective herein is to examine the ideal government through the view of three political philosophers, namely James Harrington, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Aquinas. In their analysis of the most important elements for an ideal government, all three philosophers agree that issues related to the economy, tax, demographic representatives, the use of formalized rules, bureaucracy, and hierarchical authority are crucial in attaining their goal. While there are some similarities between the descriptions of an ideal government by the three philosophers, there are also glaring differences. While James Harrington argues that an ideal government is a small democracy, for example, Thomas Aquinas champions for a just monarchy. John Stuart Mill however, asserts that an ideal government is that which successfully attains two major goals: the enhancement of mental qualities and qualities of the personality within a nation's citizens. Key Words: Economy, Tax, Demographic Representatives, Formalized Rules, Bureaucracy, Hierarchical Authority James Harrington (1611-1677) James Harrington, in Oceana, a republican utopia, described what he thought was the ideal government (Harrington, 1656). In his descriptions, Harrington suggested that an ideal government is a small scale democracy which undertakes property owning. Harrington (1656) argued that such a government would not only be stable but also just. In such a government no person would be allowed to own or possess information worth more than 2,000 (Hopfl, 2004). Moreover, in regards to economy, referring to all processes of trade and consumption of products by the inhabitants of a distinct locality, Harrington's ideal government ascertained that only individuals who own property would be allowed to participate in government issues. In a similar manner to Aristotle, Harrington was convinced that the ideal government must be characterized by agricultural democracy (Hopfl, 2004). Harrington's views on tax and taxation were that the Agrarian law should be used to ensure that no person or group becomes too wealthy such that it interferes with the political balance of a state (Hopfl, 2004). Tax refers to the levies or tolls that are imposed by government on its citizens. Harrington was of the view that political issues such as tyranny and the oppression of one group by another arise when a single group possess all property. Wealth in such a state is determined by land ownership (Hopfl, 2004). In regards to demographic representation and bureaucracy, Harrington argued that an ideal government should be typified with religious tolerance, rotation of office and the use of secret ballot to select representatives (Harrington, 1656). While demographic representation is the tendency by selected individuals to stand for the interests and wishes of a larger group in a government, bureaucracy is a form of government where almost all decisions are made by government officers rather than elected representatives. This would eliminate too much variation in decision as we so often see today. However, there may not be as much interest in relation to the people in this form of government. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Mill describes an ideal government as that which successfully attains two major goals: enhancing the virtue and intelligence of citizens and the promotion of good qualities for the attainment of common interests in the long run (Lipkes, 1999). Mill was of the view that government is not only aimed at enhancing and producing the highest level of pleasure for its citizens but also to ensure that citizens are continuously educated in order for them to pursue higher level mental pleasures rather than lower ones. In order to achieve this objective, Mill argued that government should be guided by formalized rules. Formalized rules are legal regulations or decrees that govern the behavior of all individuals under their authority. Mill also argued that a good government is that which encourages and supports active participation by all voters. Mill described the worst type of government as that which compels its electorates to remain passively obedient and conform to the wishes of the ruling elite. Though this was probably because he was affiliated with Utilitarianism, Mill argued that an ideal government is that which could bring about maximal aggregate utility (Letwin, 1965). This clearly represents his wishes to attain contentedness within the people. Mill however agreed that the process of development by humans occurs in different phases and that different forms of government are suitable for different peoples and diverse stages of advancement which ultimately meant that he felt as though people should be put into different environments based on which their personality and skills would thrive the best in. While savages are

Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lab Report Example Invention of polymerase chain reaction and thermo stable DNA polymerase has revolutionized this concept. Many techniques like Variable tandem repeat (VNTRs) and Short Tandem Repeat(STRs) based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP) or DNA fingerprinting, Gender ID (Amelogenin), Mitochondrial D-Loop DNA for Maternal identification etc. have been developed for forensic investigations. PM&DQA1 is the first PCR based typing system, developed by the scientist at Cetus Corporation and commercialized by Applied Biosystems. Inc. PM& DQA1 is simple and rapid technique mainly employed in case of limited DNA sample or in case of highly degraded DNA. The test is performed on 6 different loci to investigate pleomorphism using hybridization based Reverse DOT-BLOT methodology. The major limitation of this technique is its differentiating power due to limited diversity found among 6 loci among different human population. Crime investigation obtained new direction after invention of DNA based techniques for identification of criminals. The biggest advantage of DNA based techniques is the requirement of very small amount of biological samples which includes blood, hair, semen etc. Invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and thermo stable DNA polymerase has revolutionized these DNA based techniques due to its immense power of DNA multiplication. There are many DNA based techniques that are employed for detection of crime and criminals including Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Variable tandem repeat (VNTRs) and Short Tandem Repeat(STRs) based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP) or DNA fingerprinting, Gender ID (Amelogenin), Mitochondrial D-Loop DNA for Matrilineal identification. Criminal identification based on human body parts or component has been used since last century as part of forensic investigations. The classical example being Human finger prints which was recogn ized by British physician Sir Francis Galton (1). In the beginning of 20th century many physiologists and doctors realized that blood cell has distinct antigens and they are different from individual to individuals. Initially blood cell antigens were taken into consideration only in case of blood transfusion and surgery but later on its forensic utilities were realized and it was employed to solve problem of paternity dispute, child mix-up etc. Those days blood samples saliva and semen samples were produced in court as evidence against criminals but it was not taken as conclusive evidence due to its limited distinguished power. In 1970, the things started to change after discovery of DNA structure and the increases in the understanding of its variability between individual to individual. Once DNA was established as target molecule for forensic investigation, many researchers came forward with different methodology and different locus having higher variability like micro and mini sat ellites. Initially there were many questions that were raised over methodologies and interpretation of DNA based identification systems. But thorough investigation and population genetics based

The 1944 Education Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The 1944 Education Act - Essay Example Education was seen as a means of enlightening the people and solving problems associated with industrialization which was taking place in Europe. Before then, individuals were engaged in artisan trades where they possessed particular skills and controlled their working schedules but industrialization brought about the need for educated people to handle various tasks in industries (Bates et al. 2011). Many education Acts were legislated to change the nature of education but the education Act of 1944 formed the basis for the present education system in Britain. The Education Act of 1944 was very crucial as it replaced all previous education legislations and set the framework for post-war education system in England and Wales aimed at promoting equality of opportunity for all pupils. It established the Ministry of Education and made education free and compulsory for pupils up to age 15. The Act also aimed at helping Britain to reconstruct its education system after it was disrupted by W orld War II. According to Lowe (2012) the war destroyed school buildings through bombing and millions of children were evacuated. Furthermore, there was need for an education system that would solve social and economic problems through state control. The paper will thus discuss the Education Act and its impact on education and the society after the Second World War. To understand the education policy, it is important to look at the education background in Britain before the war. During the pre-war period, education in Britain was dominated by independent and church schools belonging to the Roman Catholic and the Church of England. Britain being a liberal state did not interfere with education but left it in the hands of local boards and authorities which were democratic in nature (McNaughton & Burgess, 2003). The schools provided elementary education from age 5-14. Secondary education was restricted to a minority children hence formal education was usually over by the age of 12 lead ing to child labour. Since pupils paid school fees in independent schools, education divided people along social class; the wealthy people could afford to enter grammar schools and get employment thereafter while the working-class only managed to get basic skills from elementary education (Gates, 2005). Teachers were recruited for training based on their religious affiliation and the Catholic schools only admitted students from catholic families who were taught catholic faith. Another aspect of early education was the provision of meals and school milk for nutrition purposes. During the war, most children were evacuated from bomb prone areas and resettled in bomb free zones away from their parents. As a result, there was a mixture of races and differences which resulted in racial prejudice. There was a decline in cultural values and morality as parents could not monitor their children’s progress since the schools of choice where religious values were taught were far away (Low e, 2012). The buildings were in a deplorable state due to bombing hence education was offered at home in selected premises. Due to the prevailing circumstances and the need to impart patriotism in citizens, there was need for an education system that would serve this purpose. Education was seen as a tool of transmitting cultural values and morality and also as a tool of social and economic policy since the society was becoming more complex requiring wide range of knowledge and skills. Bartlett and Burton (2007) argue that education was also to be used as a vehicle for equality of opportunity especially by ensuring implementation of the Beveridge report of 1942 which advocated for formation of a welfare state. To ensure everyone

Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay Example for Free

Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay What similarities or differences are there in the way disturbed or disturbing characters are presented in Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory? Necrophilic fantasies in Duffys Havisham, the impulsive murderer in Armitages Hitcher, the smarter premeditated plot in the Lab, and finally the darkened anger of Inversnaid. All of these poems contain elements of disturbed characters or disturbed fantasies, some flaunt an erratic display of anger love and hate, and some are more contained and scheming. In all of these poems the disturbed and the disturbing is explored in new ways and helps us to better understand our own minds and evils. Inversnaid is immediately begun with dark and disturbing imagery darksome burn this conjures up gory and gothic thoughts before the poem has properly begun. In contrast Hitcher starts in a completely opposite way Id been tired, under the weather the enjambment on the first line creates suspense, also the spelling of answer phone as ansaphone shows the narrators simplicity, also the erratic punctuation gets across his disturbed state of being. The fact that he has a hired car could also mean that he is a dangerous driver and has caused a road accident. A part in the poem that also suggests that the narrator is crazy is round the next bend this indicates that he is round the bend showing he is crazy. Inversnaid also gives this impression through the use of enjambment. This gives the poem a rambling feel as though he is just spouting random words. A disturbing feeling is also created by: broth Of a pool sp pitch-black, this phrase sounds almost apocalyptic, this combined with the rambling could almost be seen as though he is speaking in tongues; prophesising some terrible end to the world. In Duffys Havisham, the psychotic issues of the narrator can be seen from the start, as is the case in inversnaid. Green pebbles for eyes this shows the audience that she has lost all emotion and individuality she ever had. We know this Havisham is defiantly crazy when Duffy describes her cawing Nooooo at the wall; it shows her loss of self-respect and dignity. In contrast, the woman in the Laboratory chooses to hid her self tying thy glass mask tightly she does this in order to hide herself so as to save her self-respect and also to ensure she does not get caught in planning a murder. However, despite the narrators dignity there is a disturbing element about her for example: keep them one half minuet fixed she would fall the fact that she believes that she can stare her victim to death, but most of all because she does not care that the man will still not love her after she has killed Pauline, this proves that she is just doing it out of jealousy as she cannot have him. Carol Ann Duffys Havisham is defiantly the most disturbing poem of all as it addresses all the usually psychotic issues that the narrators in each of the poems talk about and goes beyond that by describing Havisham necrophilic fantasies. However it is evident that all of these poems are describing a hate that we have all felt at some point, we are not all necessarily necrophilias but we have all hated someone in this way. As for hitcher I believe that this is the same and that Armitage is merely presenting to us a part of ourselves but exemplified in an amplified and literal state.